Normal ROM, Spine and Major Joints, Adult Reference

Cervical Spine
Flexion: 45 to 50° Extension: 45 to 60°
Lateral bending: 40 to 45° each side  Rotation: 70 to 80° each side

Thoracolumbar Spine
Flexion: 60 to 90° Extension: 20 to 30°
Lateral bending: 20 to 30° each side  Rotation: 25 to 30° each side

Shoulder
Flexion: 180° Extension: 45 to 60°
Abduction: 180° Internal rotation: 70 to 90°
External rotation: 80 to 90°

Elbow and Forearm
Flexion: 145 to 150° Extension: 0°
Pronation: 80 to 90° Supination: 80 to 90°

Wrist
Flexion: 70 to 80° Extension: 60 to 70°
Radial deviation: 20° Ulnar deviation: 30 to 40°