UPPER EXTREMITY

Shoulder (Right / Left)

• Painful Arc – Active abduction 60–120° → subacromial impingement
  
  

• Neer Test – Passive forced flexion → rotator cuff impingement
  
  

• Hawkins-Kennedy – Flexion + internal rotation → supraspinatus tendinopathy
  
  

• Resisted Abduction – Patient abducts vs resistance → rotator cuff weakness
  
  

• Resisted External Rotation – ER against resistance → infraspinatus/teres minor pathology
  
  

Elbow (Right / Left)

• Lateral Epicondyle Palpation – Direct tendon palpation → lateral epicondylitis
  
  

• Resisted Wrist Extension – Extend wrist vs resistance → extensor tendinopathy
  
  

• Medial Epicondyle Palpation – Flexor origin palpation → medial epicondylitis
  
  

• Resisted Wrist Flexion/Pronation – Flex/pronate vs resistance → flexor-pronator strain
  
  

Wrist/Hand (Right / Left)

• Tinel Sign – Percuss over carpal tunnel → median nerve irritation
  
  

• Phalen Test – Sustained wrist flexion → carpal tunnel syndrome
  
  

• ROM Testing – Flex/extend/radial-ulnar dev → capsulitis or sprain
  
  

• Grip Strength – Dynamometer/manual → neurologic or tendon dysfunction
  
  

LOWER EXTREMITY

Hip (Right / Left)

• FADIR – Flexion, adduction, IR → femoroacetabular impingement
  
  

• FABER – Figure-4 stress maneuver → hip vs SI joint pathology
  
  

• Internal Rotation ROM – Passive IR assessment → intra-articular disease
  
  

• Greater Trochanter Palpation – Bursa/tendon palpation → trochanteric bursitis
  
  

• Resisted Abduction – Abduct vs resistance → gluteus medius tendinopathy
  
  

Knee (Right / Left)

• Joint Line Palpation – Medial/lateral palpation → meniscal pathology
  
  

• McMurray Test – Tibial rotation + flex/ext → meniscal tear
  
  

• Squat/Functional Load – Weight-bearing flexion → meniscus/cartilage pathology
  
  

• Crepitus with ROM – Palpable grinding → degenerative joint disease
  
  

Ankle (Right / Left)

• ATFL/CFL Palpation – Lateral ligament palpation → ankle sprain/instability
  
  

• Inversion Stress – Varus stress applied → lateral ligament injury
  
  

• Eversion Stress – Valgus stress applied → deltoid ligament strain
  
  

• Ankle ROM – DF/PF/inv/ev testing → effusion, stiffness, or chronic injury
  
  

• Inspection for Swelling – Visual/edema check → inflammatory or traumatic process